Huxleys Purpose Psychoanalytic and Feminist Perspective for Writing A Brave New World - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1118 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/04/29 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Brave New World Essay Feminist Essay Did you like this example? The book Brave New World was written as a futuristic tale by English author Aldous Huxley in the early 1930s. This story of a utopian society struggling with the nuances of existence shares significant parallels with the common issues experienced in Europe and America in the 1920s. This period of modernism in the world broke the traditional mold of the way society was for the past several hundred years. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Huxleys Purpose Psychoanalytic and Feminist Perspective for Writing A Brave New World" essay for you Create order A stronger emphasis on socialism, consumerism, technology, drugs, and sex filled the era. Huxley, who experienced this change firsthand, could have written Brave New World as a form of social commentary to provide his own rendition of the way things were and the way things could eventually become. Americas cultural civil war. (1) could have been viewed by Huxley as the beginning of moral decay in a soon-to-be undesirable society. To support this hypothesis and provide a better understanding of Huxleys purpose, the comparing and contrasting of both the psychoanalytical theory and Feminist theory will take place. Psychoanalytic literary theory is the brainchild of psychologist Sigmund Freud and can be used to uncover critical connections between the author and their work. Freudian analysis states that our mental lives derive largely from biological drives (2), that all compulsions can be traced back to animalistic impulses and instincts which originate within us from different points in development including childhood and puberty. Its not coincidental that these compulsions can be seen clearly in Brave New World. Feminism literary theory, when looked at simplistically, examines the roles of women in literature from an equality standpoint. Are women treated differently than men? If so, how are they different and how can that relate to the author? Specifically, looking into the role of mothers within the story could prove to be extremely important to uncovering Huxleys true purpose. The excerpt from Brave New World that offers extreme insight to the psychoanalytic perspective is the infant nursery where babies undergo classical conditioning on a severely inhumane level. Readers are introduced to the thought process of being motherless through the existence of the childrens less than conventional rearing. The notion that children can be conditioned for the benefit of all is where we see the parallels with Freuds notion of animalistic impulses and instincts (2) stated above. The idea of the unconscious taking over when forced out to produce conditioned behavior is straight out of the Freudian handbook. These primal compulsions, brought about through the stated conditioning and oxygen restriction, are the main factors for control within Huxleys created society. A passage from the story reviews just how underplayed these actions are in this crafted world. The surrogate goes round slower; therefore passes through the lung at longer intervals; therefore gives the embr yo less oxygen. Nothing like oxygen-shortage for keeping an embryo below par (Huxley). Freudian tendencies in ample supply with this scene. Peering at the very same scene through a feminist lens offers a significantly different outlook for the conditioning rooms and the nurseries. The roll of the mother is effectively swapped out with nurses, often sterilized and of undisclosed genders, to carry out the conditioning. The nurses are played out as cold individuals who wear covering attire and carry out the horrific tasks without a single shutter in their step. This behavior is undoubtedly the result of going through anti-nurturing conditioning of their very own during their developmental stages. A perfect example of this conditioning taking place, along with the nurses actions, can be viewed in the passage from the novel below: The Head Nurse, who was standing by a switchboard at the other end of the room, pressed down a little lever. There was a violent explosion. Shriller and ever shriller, a siren shrieked. Alarm bells maddeningly sounded. The children started, screamed; their faces were distorted with terror. And now they Director shouted (for the noise was deafening), now we pro proceed to rub in the lesson with a mild electric shock. (Huxley) As this chapter continues it becomes more and more evident that this lack of mothering behavior is a necessity to carry out this conditioning. Any mothering tendencies displayed by the nurses would result in less than effective results. The production of these conditioned perfect citizens was directly impacted by this process. Even uttering the M-word (mother) was considered remarkably taboo in this new world of Huxleys. Peering through these two lenses at A Brave New World brings to light significant differences in what they reveal about the story when relating it to Huxleys real modern world in the 1920s. Each theory focuses on what the other cant. Psychoanalysis tends to focus on what the people are receiving while feminism offers what they are not. When only viewing Huxleys vision through one perspective you are undoubtedly missing out on the other half of the story. When applied together, readers are given the entire picture to consider. Sadly, neither the real world nor his fictitious society seem to have a bright future. Huxley is looking at the real world as if hes viewing them in his book. Real life people appear to be becoming conditioned through the cultural civil war (1) brought about by the changes of the 1920s. Huxleys apparent dislike for Americanism only could have intensified as more and more problems seemed to arise. The 1920s in American brought about prohibition, the Ku Klux Clan, womens roles, and race issues. If everything were to have stayed the same, if these Americanized changes would have never happened, then perhaps society would have been more conforming. Digging deeper into Huxleys own upbringing, we are reintroduced to the role of the mother. Huxley lost his mother when he was very young. He wasnt able to have that mothering upbringing to supply him with a well-rounded rearing during his developmental stages. Perhaps this is why the act of mothering is taboo in his written world. He witnessed firsthand what it feels like to not have a mother. Therefore, he must oppose this Americanized challenge to the roles of women. They need to be home to properly raise the children. If not, then just read in his book to find out what can happen. Aldus Huxley was a man viewing the world he knew change before him. One can only hypothesize how much of Brave New World came about from fear or pure observation. The themes of change brought about in the 1920s draws obvious parallels to his crafted world. The Roaring 20s were a time where the younger generation rebelled against traditional taboos while their elders engaged in an orgy of speculation (4). Huxleys social commentary on this changing time, when assisted with psychoanalysis and feminism lenses, offers a unique view into his own outlook on the world of tomorrow.

Incarceration of Men, Women, and Juveniles Essay - 829 Words

Incarceration of Men, Women, and Juveniles Prison populations have been on the raise since the early 1970s. Today we incarcerate over 2 million men, women and juveniles in the various correctional facilities around the country. These facilities can range from local jails or detention facilities to the new so called Supermax prisons. Conditions can also vary across the spectrum for these different correctional institutions. Each type of inmate has his or her own challenges when faced with incarceration. Many factors play into determining the experience they have. Age and sex are one of the things that determine what type of institution you are committed to. Adult male prisoners are committed to adult male prisons.†¦show more content†¦It is basically like throwing the sheep to the lions. There is just no way that this is a good use of our criminal justice system. Juveniles should be kept in their own facilities to the maximum extent possible where they can receive the treatment that just may lead them back to being productive members of society. Even though there are some of the same issues in juvenile facilities as there are in adult facilities, such as overcrowding, prisoner assaults, and custodial abuse. There are systems in place to monitor them and deal with the problems. When these things go on in adult prisons there most often is the attitude of callousness, whereby problems are looked at as part of the system, a kind of who cares about the inmate attitude. Adult male prisoners are subjected to harsh conditions across the country. The physical conditions that you would see on the old prison movies like Alcatraz are not so prevalent any more. For the most part all of these old prisons have been replaced or modernized. 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Animal Cruelty Essay Example For Students

Animal Cruelty Essay The topic of Animal Cruelty Essay is one of great importance to the wold today. Why we humans have the right reserved to treat animals as lesser individuals is beyond me. Animals are fulfilling their part in the ecosystems and communities of the earth, and to the best extent that they are able. For example, a spider is being the best possible spider that it can be, spinning webs and working diligently at what it knows best, not bothering any creatures of the earth besides the ones which it needs to capture for food. We, as humans, decided that we are a much advanced life form and can basically treat anything else in this world in ways which we cannot imagine being treated. As a result the threads holding our earth together tightly in the balance are being slowly unraveled to lead into ultimate self-destruction. In 1988, 16, 989 animals died in laboratories in the United Kingdom. This was due to such tests as acute and chronic toxicity experiments, where the animals are forced to consume substances such as perfume, make-up and other beauty products and are often literally poisoned, their systems literally overloaded by the substance in question. Another testing method is the Lethal Dose 50 percent test or LD50. In this procedure at least half of the animals must die in order for the government to figure out how much a human can ingest without dying. In one such test some animals were fed 4. lb. of lipstick and one ended up dying of intestinal obstruction. In another, 7 pints of melted eye shadow was fed to rats. In yet another, mice were wrapped in tin foil and grilled in ultraviolet light to test a sun block cream for a total of 96 hours. The results of the test were that the longer the mice stayed in the rays, the more sunburnt they got. But that is not all. A wax product used in many cosmetics was dosed into animals by a stomach tube. The amount that they used is equivalent to feeding 1 lb of the stuff to humans. The animals involved soon began salivating, bleeding from the nose and mouth, and had extreme diarrhoea. As the test progressed some more, the animals became emaciated and unkempt, had congestion in the lungs and kidneys and solid wax in the stomach. The infamous Draize eye test cannot be forgotten either. Chemicals are instilled into the eyes of rabbits in stocks, often for up to seven days. And because their eyes are physiologically different from ours, they cannot produce enough tears to wash the substance away and it remains there for long periods of time. Unfortunately for them, rabbits are cheap and simple to maintain, and they also have large eyes. In the acute inhalation test the animals are subjected to intense amounts of a certain substance or toxin in a small caged environment for four days to test the effects of chemical inhalants used in aerosol spray cans and other gaseous materials. The animals which actually survive the test are then killed to be examined. This is also done with tobacco products and alcohol. Another instance included the removal of infant rhesus monkeys from their mothers at birth and isolated or given cheap substitutes to study the need for a maternal figure early on in life. After 4 months some of the babies were able to integrate back into a normal monkey society, the ones isolated for a year or more had definite social problems. To attempt to find more out about our sexuality we of course turn to cats. After some nerve surgery, the cats involved became disoriented and lost interest in sexual activity. Healthy eating Essay There was also the dastardly one in which some silly scientist removed a cats brain to see if it could still walk afterwards. Vivisection is of course the live dissection of animals for scientific research, and is quite widespread in use today. Most of these are performed without the use of anaesthetics. The ironic thing regarding this entire situation is the fact that animals, for the most part, have a very different body chemistry than us, and, as a whole, are very different than us. So basically none of these tests has any relevancy for us today. As well, there is a widespread range of natural products already available to us which most scientists and doctors refuse to acknowledge because there is more money in animal research. This is sadistic .

MSC in Occupational Health Safety and Wellbeing- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theMSC in Occupational Health Safety and Wellbeing. Answer: Introduction Organization's Occupational Safety, Health, and Wellbeing performance represent the important values in themselves. It seems, however, there are other values that provide the positive or negative impacts on the safety measures, health, and well-being at the workplace. It is defined as the science of anticipation, evaluation, recognition and the control hazards of the workplace that may threaten the employee's health or their well-being by considering the possible influences and factors of the environment. According to the scientific methods and literature, the attention is more paid to the values like the trust and justice. There are several questions running in the mind of every people that what are the values that are supportive of health, well-being, and safety. From several research teams, health promotion, safety and health management, and other safety cultural events were organized to measure the advancement in the occupational safety measures in the organization (Burke Page, 2017). The most surprising statement came when the difference in the theories and practices of the occupational safety management and occupational health management is observed. The recent scenario is all about the "prevention culture" especially in the occupational safety and health policy makers of any organization. The health and safety measures are the two parts of the coin that is reflected in the dominant which are separated in the research traditions. Trust is one of the values that are addressed in the literature on the health or psychosocial health. With the help of the interviews, group discussions and promotion, the close relationship between the health and safety measures were clearly observed. Another research method shows the core values that are set by the top management of the organization which is externally connected to the company's website (Christie Cole, 2017). The occupational safety, health, and well-being in the organization are one of the most controversial issues in every industry that act like the most significant factor which helps to succeed in the competitive market. According to the author Clarke, et al, health, safety, and well-being is not everything in the life, but without it life is nothing. So the occupational safety, health, and well-being play a vital role in running a successful business. Many studies were conducted based on the productivity levels and it was observed that the general well-being is directly linked to one another (Clarke, et al., 2015). In the introduction part, 5 topics have been covered. They are: Research Ethics Types of Data Interviewing Research ethics Evidence-based practice Research Ethics The research ethics refers to the overall methods that are used to integrate the different components of various study in a logical as well as coherent way, thereby ensuring the effective address of the problem associated with the research- it contains the blueprint for the data, analysis of the data and the measurement of the process (Christie Cole, 2017). The research design ensures the type of design that is used in the case study instead of any other strategy. The main function of the research design is to obtain the effective address of the research problem in a logical way. Types of research Ethics: Descriptive: Case study: the case study generally involves the detailed observation of the analysis and also focuses on the contexts that are related to the study. It is different from the qualitative analysis; rather it is one type of statistical case-study data (Shorrock Williams, 2016). Naturalistic observation: the method involves the detailed study of the natural environment without the influence of the external sources. Both the positive and negative aspects of the study are observed without any manipulation so that the result will be more precise. Survey: It is the statistical method used in every sector to derive the result through sampling, by collecting the data and using the specified procedure. Examples are like the research surveys, ethical survey and much more (Clarke, et al., 2015). Correlation: Case-controlled study: the method can only compare two existing groups that may differ in the outcomes and are compared based on the special attribute. It has finite scope and limitation. The research technique has less information to share (Cooklin, et al., 2015). Observational study: it draws the inferences from the various samples where the surveyor has no control on the potential aspects. Semi-experimental: Field-experiment: it consists of the scientific method that examines the real world aspects. Quasi-experiment: the study is empirical in nature and estimates the impacts of the intervention which has been randomly assigned. The technique is concerned about the control of the assignments and the usage of the experiments. Experimental: it is the straight-forward approach that is obtained from the sample and has the better step for the controlled sample which contains the information from the experiments done on nature (Doorn, et al., 2016). Review: Literature review: It includes the current knowledge about the findings and also includes the contributions that are based on both methodologies as well as on the theoretical concepts (Molamohamadi Ismail, 2014). Systematic review: it collects the information from several papers and study, and critically analyzes those (Edwards, 2015). Types of data: The data that are based on the research is divided into two types: Qualitative data: it expresses the data in terms of the number or quantity. The data are represented by interval, ordinal or ratio scales. Qualitative data: these can't be represented in terms of the numbers; rather they are represented in nominal scales such as socioeconomic status, religion or gender. Interviewing It is one type of the qualitative method which is usually done to a small group of people or with the individual. The process has been further classified into three types: Structured: the method has the finite source and the questions were arranged beforehand which are supposed to be answered in a sequential order (Gillespie Engel, 2015). Semi-structured: it is the mixture of both structured and unstructured interview question which can be answered in any way and the ad-hoc question can add in the middle. Unstructured: This process is least reliable and has no preparation for the questions beforehand. The interview is conducted in an informal way which leads to biased questions. Research ethics: It involves the human subjects or the unique, logical, ethical, social and political question raised by the participants. It is especially interested in analyzing the ethical values that are raised when people are involved in the research (Jamieson, et al., 2017). Three objectives are concerned, which are: Broadcast the objective in order to protect the human participants Ensure the objective of the research that is conducted in various teams, groups or individually Examine the research activities for the ethical soundness, management of the risks, protection of the confidentiality and focuses on the informed consent. Focus Group These practices may vary from each other but finally considered on the basis of the individual person (Karanika-Murray Weyman, 2013). The results that are derived from the study are based on the outcome of each person, the recent findings as well as on the separate evidence that are supported by the true evidence and solid findings. These types of research are mainly used in the clinical research where it is mandatory to provide the details of each person which aims for a better output (MA, 2016). Conclusion To enhance the safety, health, and well-being at the workplace, it is important to understand the market trend, must listen to the views of the employees and should examine the problems of the business minutely in a regular interval of time. The above 5 methods are quite useful to get the desired output as they are basic of the research methodologies. The effectiveness of the techniques provides the best option to choose the correct model from the sample. The real essence of the occupational health, safety, and well-being represents the existence of the relationship between the critical concepts. The objective of the entire scenario was to deal with the organizational issues related to the safety, health, and well-being of the employee in the workplace. Adopting these measures in the organization will lead to huge profit and maximize the productivity level of the company in terms of the health, safety, and environmental risks. References Burke, R.J., and Page, K.M. eds., 2017. Research handbook on work and well-being. Edward Elgar Publishing. Christie, M.A., and Cole, F., 2017. The Impact of Green Exercise on Volunteer's Mental Health and Wellbeing-Findings from a Community Project in a Woodland Setting. Journal of Therapeutic Horticulture, 27(1). Clarke, S., Probst, T.M., Guldenmund, F.W. and Passmore, J., 2015. The Wiley Blackwell handbook of the psychology of occupational safety and workplace health. John Wiley Sons. Cooklin, A., Joss, N., Husser, E. and Oldenburg, B., 2015. Integrated approaches to occupational health and safety: a systematic review. American journal of health promotion, pp.ajhp-141027. Doorn, Y., Ruysseveldt, J., Dam, K., Mistiaen, W. and Nikolova, I., 2016. Understanding well?being and learning of Nigerian nurses: a job demand control support model approach. Journal of nursing management, 24(7), pp.915-922. Edwards, S., 2015. A guide to the 5S lean production method for occupational health and safety. Occupational Health Wellbeing, 67(2), p.27. Gillespie, H. and Engel, L., 2015. Occupational therapist assistants: Enabling well-being in community power mobility users. Occupational Therapy Now, 17(2), pp.8-10. Jamieson, M., Chen, S.P., Murphy, S., Maracle, L., Mofina, A. and Hill, J., 2017. Pilot Testing an Intervention on Cultural Safety and Indigenous Health in a Canadian Occupational Therapy Curriculum. Journal of Allied Health, 46(1), pp.64-70. Karanika-Murray, M. and Weyman, A.K., 2013. Optimising workplace interventions for health and well-being: a commentary on the limitations of the public health perspective within the workplace health arena. International Journal of Workplace Health Management, 6(2), pp.104-117. MA, Q.M., 2016. Systematic review of qualitative literature on occupational health and safety legislation and regulatory enforcement planning and implementation. Scandinavian journal of work, environment health, 42(1), p.3. Molamohamadi, Z. and Ismail, N., 2014. The relationship between occupational safety, health, and environment, and sustainable development: a review and critique. International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, 5(3), p.198. Shorrock, S. and Williams, C. eds., 2016. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Practice: Improving System Performance and Human Well-being in the Real World. CRC Press.